The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with an uppercase and lowercase form. The letter sigma has an additional lowercase form (ς) used in the final position. It is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science, especially astronomy, mathematics and logic, and Western philosophy are composed.
Hover to highlight a row, then click to enlarge the Greek letter.
| Upper | Lower | Name | Equivalent | Sound when spoken |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Α | α | Alpha | A | al-fah |
| Β | β | Beta | B | bay-tah |
| Γ | γ | Gamma | G | gam-ah |
| Δ | δ | Delta | D | del-tah |
| Ε | ε | Epsilon | E | ep-si-lon |
| Ζ | ζ | Zeta | Z | zay-tah |
| Η | η | Eta | E | ay-tay |
| Θ | θ | Theta | Th | thay-tah |
| Ι | ι | Iota | I | eye-o-tah |
| Κ | κ | Kappa | K | cap-ah |
| Λ | λ | Lambda | L | lamb-dah |
| Μ | μ | Mu | M | mew |
| Upper | Lower | Name | Equivalent | Sound when spoken |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ν | ν | Nu | N | new |
| Ξ | ξ | Xi | X | zzEye |
| Ο | ο | Omicron | O | om-ah-cron |
| Π | π | Pi | P | pie |
| Ρ | ρ | Rho | R | row |
| Σ | σ ς | Sigma | S | sig-ma |
| Τ | τ | Tau | T | tawh |
| Υ | υ | Upsilon | U | oop-si-lon |
| Φ | φ | Phi | Ph | figh or fie |
| Χ | χ | Chi | Ch | kigh |
| Ψ | ψ | Psi | Ps | sigh |
| Ω | ω | Omega | O | o-may-gah |